Bank reconciliation statement

Bank reconciliation statement
A company's general ledger account Cash contains a record of the transactions (checks written, receipts from customers, etc.) that involve its checking account. The bank also creates a record of the company's checking account when it processes the company's checks, deposits, service charges, and other items. Soon after each month ends the bank usually mails a bank statement to the company. The bank statement lists the activity in the bank account during the recent month as well as the balance in the bank account.
When the company receives its bank statement, the company should verify that the amounts on the bank statement are consistent or compatible with the amounts in the company's Cash account in its general ledger and vice versa. This process of confirming the amounts is referred to as reconciling the bank statement, bank statement reconciliation, bank reconciliation, or doing a "bank rec." The benefit of reconciling the bank statement is knowing that the amount of Cash reported by the company (company's books) is consistent with the amount of cash shown in the bank's records.
Because most companies write hundreds of checks each month and make many deposits, reconciling the amounts on the company's books with the amounts on the bank statement can be time consuming. The process is complicated because some items appear in the company's Cash account in one month, but appear on the bank statement in a different month. For example, checks written near the end of August are deducted immediately on the company's books, but those checks will likely clear the bank account in early September. Sometimes the bank decreases the company's bank account without informing the company of the amount. For example, a bank service charge might be deducted on the bank statement on August 31, but the company will not learn of the amount until the company receives the bank statement in early September. From these two examples, you can understand why there will likely be a difference in the balance on the bank statement vs. the balance in the Cash account on the company's books. It is also possible (perhaps likely) that neither balance is the true balance. Both balances may need adjustment in order to report the true amount of cash.
After you adjust the balance per bank to be the true balance and after you adjust the balance per books to also be the same true balance, you have reconciled the bank statement. Most accountants would simply say that you have done the bank reconciliation or the bank rec.
Example:
In this part we will provide you with a sample bank reconciliation including the required journal entries. We will assume that a company has the following information:

1. The bank statement for August 2008 shows an ending balance of $3,490.
2. On August 31 the bank statement shows charges of $35 for the service charge for maintaining the checking account.
3. On August 28 the bank statement shows a return item of $100 plus a related bank fee of $10. The return item is a customer's check that was returned because of insufficient funds. The check was also marked "do not redeposit.
4. The bank statement shows a charge of $80 for check printing on August 20.
5. The bank statement shows that $8 was added to the checking account on August 31 for interest earned by the company during the month of August.
6. The bank statement shows that a note receivable of $1,000 was collected by the bank on August 29 and was deposited into the company's account. On the same day, the bank withdrew $40 from the company's account as a fee for collecting the note receivable.
7. The company's Cash account at the end of August shows a balance of $967.
8. During the month of August the company wrote checks totaling more than $50,000. As of August 31 $3,021 of the checks written in August had not yet cleared the bank and $200 of checks written in June had not yet cleared the bank.
9. The $1,450 of cash received by the company on August 31 was recorded on the company's books as of August 31. However, the $1,450 of cash receipts was deposited at the bank on the morning of September 1.
10. On August 29 the company's Cash account shows cash sales of $145. The bank statement shows the amount deposited was actually $154. The company reviewed the transactions and found that $154 was the correct amount.